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1
Boil the papa amarilla whole in salted water until a skewer meets no resistance at the centre. Drain immediately and peel while still hot. Rice the potato at once — do not allow it to cool in mass, or residual steam will create moisture pockets.
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2
Pass the hot riced potato through a fine drum sieve into a wide bowl. This removes any remaining fibre and produces a perfectly smooth, uniform purée that will layer with a clean edge in the mould.
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3
While the purée is still hot, add the cold lime juice, ají amarillo paste, and olive oil. Mix by hand only — no processor, no whisk — until the mass is homogeneous, smooth, and a uniform orange-yellow throughout. Season with salt until the potato flavour is full and forward. This is where the dish lives or dies: the temperature contrast between hot potato and cold lime juice, worked only by hand, creates the specific silky texture that defines causa limeña; over-working at this stage produces a gluey, starch-broken paste that cannot be recovered.
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4
Combine the tuna or chicken with the mayonnaise and lime juice. Season with salt. The filling must be at room temperature throughout — test with a fingertip against the inside of the wrist; it should feel neither cool nor warm.
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5
Set a ring mould (approximately 8 cm diameter, 5 cm deep) on a lined tray. Press an even layer of potato purée into the base, compacting it gently so no air pockets remain — the surface should be level and show no seams when seen from the side of the mould.
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6
Spoon the filling over the potato base in a single even layer, taking it to the inner edge of the mould without forcing it into the potato beneath. Lay the avocado over the filling. Press a final, equally thick layer of potato purée over the top, smoothing it flush with the rim of the mould.
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7
Refrigerate until thoroughly cold and set — the mould should feel uniformly cold to the touch on all sides with no soft or warm spot at its centre. Unmould directly onto a chilled plate by lifting the ring cleanly upward; the causa should stand without sliding. Serve at once.