Pasta 'Ncasciata

Pasta 'ncasciata (from the Sicilian 'incaciare,' meaning to fill with cheese or to case/enclose) is eastern Sicily's magnificent baked pasta—a dramatic timballo of short pasta, ragù, fried aubergine, hard-boiled eggs, salame, caciocavallo cheese, and peas, assembled in a deep dish and baked until the exterior forms a golden crust while the interior becomes a molten, multi-layered marvel. The dish gained international recognition through Andrea Camilleri's Inspector Montalbano novels, where it appears as the detective's favourite meal prepared by his housekeeper Adelina, but its roots in Catanese and Messinese domestic cooking are ancient. The preparation is labour-intensive: a meat ragù is prepared slowly; aubergine slices are fried until golden; short pasta (rigatoni, penne, or anelli) is cooked al dente and dressed with ragù. The assembly in a buttered and breadcrumbed baking dish follows layers: pasta with ragù, fried aubergine, sliced hard-boiled eggs, cubed salame, chunks of caciocavallo or tuma cheese, and spoonfuls of additional ragù. Multiple layers build into a towering construction that is baked at 180°C until the top is crusty and the cheese inside has melted into long, stretchy threads. The dish must rest for 15-20 minutes before unmolding—when turned out of its dish, the pasta 'ncasciata should hold its shape, a golden dome concealing the baroque interior. This is Sunday food, celebration food, the dish that appears at Catanese tables for Carnival, Easter, and any occasion deemed important enough to warrant the three-hour preparation. The anelli (ring-shaped pasta) version is considered the most traditional in Catania.

• Neapolitan pasta al forno
• Greek pastitsio
• Emilian lasagne (layered baked pasta logic)