Ethiopian Coffee Ceremony (Bunna)
Kaffa region, southwestern Ethiopia (origin of Coffea arabica)
The Ethiopian coffee ceremony (bunna) is one of the world's most ritualised beverage preparations — green coffee beans are washed, then roasted in a long-handled pan over a charcoal brazier, ground in a wooden mortar, brewed in a clay jebena (spouted pot) with boiling water for 10–15 minutes, then strained and served three times (abol, tona, baraka) representing blessing, transition, and grace. The ceremony takes 45 minutes to two hours and is a social act as much as a culinary one. Ethiopia is the genetic homeland of Coffea arabica; the wild coffee forests of the Kaffa region were the original source of the world's coffee. The roasting is performed before guests, filling the room with smoke and aroma; frankincense burns alongside. The coffee is served with no milk but with sugar or salt depending on regional tradition.