Pissaladière

The Pissaladière is Nice’s great flatbread—a thick, golden rectangle of olive-oil bread dough topped with a deep layer of slowly caramelised onions, anchovy fillets arranged in a diamond lattice, and Niçois olives. The name derives from pissala (pissalat), a fermented anchovy paste that originally replaced the whole fillets and gave the preparation its intensely savoury character. The bread base distinguishes this from pizza: it is a leavened dough enriched with olive oil (50ml per 300g flour), given two long rises totalling 3-4 hours, and stretched by hand into an oiled rectangular pan (not tossed or rolled thin). The dough should be 1-1.5cm thick after baking—substantial enough to support the heavy topping without becoming soggy. The onion layer is the preparation’s soul: 1.5kg of thinly sliced onions are cooked in 80ml of olive oil over the lowest possible heat for a minimum of 60 minutes—ideally 90—until they collapse into a golden-brown, jam-like mass that tastes profoundly sweet without any added sugar. This slow caramelisation converts the onions’ natural fructose through the Maillard reaction, producing complex flavours impossible to achieve at higher heat. The onion jam is spread 1cm thick over the proved dough, the anchovy fillets are laid in crossing diagonals to form diamond shapes, and a Niçois olive is placed in the centre of each diamond. The Pissaladière bakes at 220°C for 20-25 minutes until the bread is golden and the onion edges catch slightly. It is served at room temperature, cut into rectangles, as a snack, apéritif, or light meal—never hot from the oven.